Abstract: The understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in root resorption in deciduous teeth is important to the future development of preventive measures and treatments of this condition. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression and immunostaining of iNOS, MMP-9, OPG and RANKL in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of deciduous teeth with physiologic root resorption (GI), inflammatory pathological root resorption (GII) and permanent teeth (GIII), the negative control. Teeth in GI (n = 10), GII (n = 10) and (GIII) (n = 10) were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of iNOS, MMP-9, OPG, and RANKL. The immunostaining was analysed by optical density. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test (p < 0.05). The results showed that iNOS, MMP-9 and RANKL expression in the PDL was higher in GII compared to GI and GIII (p < 0.05). Moreover, RANKL expression was higher in GI compared to GIII (p < 0.001), while OPG immunolabelling was lower in GII compared to GI and GIII (p < 0.001). The PDL of deciduous teeth bearing inflammatory processed exhibited upregulation of resorption-associated factors as well as enzymes related to tissue degradation which, in turn explains the exacerbation and greater susceptibility of those teeth to root resorption process.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre as medidas lineares antropométricas de crânio e face com as medidas de largura e comprimento do palato duro. Métodos: foram utilizados 23 crânios humanos e as medidas foram obtidas com o auxílio de um paquímetro e um pelvímetro. Foram mensuradas as seguintes medidas lineares: comprimento máximo do crânio, distância biporion, largura facial máxima, altura nasal, comprimento palatino e largura palatina. Resultados: Após a descritiva completa das variáveis, observou-se uma homogeneidade das medidas de crânio, face e palato. Houve correlação, com maior significância, do comprimento palatino e da largura palatina com a largura facial máxima e a distância biporion, respectivamente. A distância biporion foi a única medida que se mostrou significante na explicação, gerando fórmulas para a obtenção do comprimento e de largura palatina. Conclusão: É possível estimar o comprimento e a largura palatina por meio de dois modelos (fórmulas) por meio da medida da distância biporion. Como não existe consenso na literatura, há necessidade de padronização na obtenção das medidas lineares do palato.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relation between the anthropometric linear measurements of the skull and face and the measurements of width and length of the hard palate. Methods: Twenty-three human skulls were used, and the measurements were collected with the help of a caliper and pelvimeter. The following linear measurements were studied: maximum cranial length, biporion distance, maximum face width, nasal height, palatal length, and palatal width. Results: After a complete descriptive assessment of the variables, we observed homogeneity in the measurements of the skull, face, and palate. There were correlations, with higher significance, between the palatal length and width and the maximum face width and the biporion distance, respectively. The biporion distance was the only measurement that was significant in the explanation, generating formulas to obtain the palatal length and width. Conclusion: It is possible to estimate the palatal length and the palatal width using the two models (formulas) through the measurements of the biporion distance. Because in the literature, there is no consensus, there is a need for standardization when obtaining the linear measurements of the palate.